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Pheromone traps can detect the birth of fleas or alert foresters to outbreaks. As an instance, the spruce budworm, a destructive pest of spruce and balsam fir, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian woods for several decades.22 In some regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of woods are sprayed with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the harm caused during outbreaks.23.

Many unwelcome animals visit or make their home in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban areas. Some contaminate foodstuffs, damage structural timbers, chew through cloths or infest kept dry goods. Some inflict great economic loss, others take diseases or cause fire hazards, and some are just a nuisance. Control of these pests has been tried by improving sanitation and garbage control, modifying the habitat, and using repellents, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.24.

Physical pest control involves trapping or killing pests such as insects and rodents. Historically, local people or paid rat-catchers captured and murdered rodents using dogs and traps.25 On a national scale, sticky flypapers are used to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects may be trapped using these means as pheromones, synthetic volatile chemicals or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; a few have a sticky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them.

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Rodents can be murdered by appropriately baited spring traps and can be captured in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or"tracking powder" can be employed to establish routes used by rodents inside buildings and acoustic devices can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.24.

Historically, guns have been one of the chief methods used for pest control. "Garden Guns" are smooth bore shotguns specifically made to fire .22 caliber snake taken or 9mm Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers such as snakes, rodents, birds, and other insect. Garden Guns are short range weapons that can do little damage past 15 to 20 yards, and they're relatively silent when fired with snake shot, when compared with some standard ammunition.

They're also used for pest control at airports, warehouses, stockyards, etc.26.

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The most common shooter use this link capsule is .22 Long Rifle packed with #12 shot. At a distance of about 10 ft (3 m), which is around the maximum effective range, the pattern is about 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter from a standard rifle. Particular smoothbore shotguns, like the Marlin Model 25MG can produce effective patterns out to 15 or 20 yards using.22 WMR shotshells, which hold 1/8 ounce.

Poisoned bait is a common way of controlling rats, mice, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches and other pests. The fundamental granules, or alternative formulation, contains a food attractant for the target species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so that the workers have time to take the substance back to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent additional egg-laying and nuisance.27 Baits for slugs and snails often contain the molluscide metaldehyde, dangerous to children and household pets.28.

Warfarin has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many populations have developed resistance for this anticoagulant, and difenacoum is often substituted.29 These are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up frequently.27 Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals such as wolves30 and birds of prey.31 Poisoned carcasses however kill a vast range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species.30 Raptors in Israel were nearly wiped out following a period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop pests.32.

Fumigation is the treatment of a construction to kill pests such as wood-boring beetles by sealing it or surrounding it with an airtight cover such as a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, typically of 2472 hours. This is expensive and inconvenient because the structure cannot be used during the treatment, but it aims all life phases of pests.33. professional and experienced termite experts

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An alternative, distance treatment, is fogging or misting to distribute a liquid insecticide in the atmosphere within a building without evacuation or airtight sealing, allowing most operate within the building to continue, in the price of reduced penetration. Contact insecticides are generally used to minimise long lasting residual effects.33

Populations of pest insects can sometimes be dramatically decreased by the release of sterile individuals. This involves the mass rearing of a insect, sterilising it by means of X-rays or various other means, and releasing it into a wild population. It's particularly useful where a female only mates once and in which the insect does not disperse widely.34 This technique has been successfully used against the New World screw-worm fly, some species of tsetse fly, tropical fruit flies, the pink bollworm and the codling moth, among others.35.